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  -2021
  
  -I
:    :100
:          ,        
          
-
1. (1)  










(ii)  :
(iii)    p2 + q2 = 20  2p + q = 8   ,  p    q
      
2. (i) 3  24   6   
(ii)  1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 1/512    
(iii)   n      
-
3. (i)    y = 5x - 7  2y = 10x + 5 
(ii)         (1, 3, 5)      
       9
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(ii)
       :
 /
  
1
100
2
50
3
0
    
4. (i)           
(ii)   , ,       
(iii) 70     ,   30    20    , 
              
          ,   
-
5. (1)           
(ii)   





6. (i)        
(ii)    x = 2   


-
7. (i) (7x - 8)4 (5x - 1)3  x    
(ii) wrtx    


(iii) wr.tx   

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8. (i)   p = 50 - 3q   ,    p = 5  
(ii)        =    p = 50 - 3x  p = 5


(iii)   C = 60 - 12q + 2q2   , AC, MC      AC
  = (MC - AC)
  -2021
  
  -I
:    :100
:          ,        
          
-
1. (1)  










(ii)  :
(iii)    p2 + q2 = 20  2p + q = 8   ,  p    q
      
:󷅶󷅱󷅺󷅷󷅸󷅹  ...
 ,      ,   ,       
           -   ,  
   ,      
       , ",         
       !"
         , "    -  , 
   ,       - -    "
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  ,  -          --
  ,        -,     
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚(i)     :
    :
               
        
 1:    
     :
        
,
  :
= 1/x
 = 1/
 = 1/z
  :
+  = 9 … (i)
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+  = 11 … (ii)
 + = 10 … (iii)
 2:   
 (ii) (iii) :
!       - (ii)  (iii)  A + C    ,   - 
: 11  10          
   :
 :
!  (2)  (3)     ,   
       ?              
     :
  :
= 1/x
 = 1/
 = 1/z
:
+  = 9 → (1)
+  = 11 → (2)
 + = 10 → (3)
   , (2)  (3)  :
+  = 11
+  = 10
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 .
          ,   -
        ,        :
:
+  = 9 (1)
+  = 11 (2)
 (2) (1) :
( + ) ( + ) = 11 9  = 2 = 2
 (1) :
+  = 9 + (2) = 9A + C = 11  (2)   ,  !
    :
  A = 4 (  ),  C = 7 (A + C = 11 ),  B = C 2 = 5
   :
= 1/ = 4 →  = 1/4 = 1/ = 5 →  = 1/5 = 1/ = 7 →  = 1/7
󷃆󼽢        :
xy / (x + y) = (1/4 * 1/5) / (1/4 + 1/5)= (1/20) / (9/20) = 1/9󷃆󼽢
xz / (x + z) = (1/4 * 1/7) / (1/4 + 1/7)= (1/28) / (11/28) = 1/11󷃆󼽢
zx / (z + x) = (1/7 * 1/4) / (1/7 + 1/4)= (1/28) / (11/28) = 1/11󽅂
!          
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾       ,         
     ,      
󼨻󼨼(ii)  :
             
 1:   x = a
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:
        a   :
 2:   
:
√x = 4x = 16
x = 2 = 4
󷃆󼽢 : x = 4  x = 16
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫(iii)    :
   :
   (p)   (q)    
 1:  (2) :
2+=8=82(3)2
   (1)  :
p2+(8−2p)2=20p2 + (8 - 2p)2 = 20p2+(8−2p)2=20
(8 2p)²   :
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 2:     
    :
:
  q  :
1.  p = 4.4:
q = 8 2(4.4) = 8 8.8 = 0.8󽅂( ,     )' 
)
2.  p = 2:
 = 8 2(2) = 8 4 = 4󷃆󼽢
󷃆󼽢 :
(p) = 2
 (q) = 4
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹     -    :
     ,   p    ,      q   
     :             
     ,     ;     , 
     
                
         , -  , 
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,   p = 2  q = 4  ,        
       "  ,"   
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦  :
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨    :
                 
    , -    ,    ,    
        ,     ,     
  -              
 ,            ,       - 
    
2. (i) 3  24   6   
(ii)  1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 1/512    
(iii)   n      
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹       ...
    ,               
  ,               
       
     ,”   ,        
 !”
 ,     ,        --
 ,     ,     
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󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 1: 3  24   6   
󹸯󹸭󹸮  
  :
  (a) = 3
  = 24
 6  ,  3  24        
       (AP)  
,    :
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾3 (),  6 ,  24 ()   AP  8  
󹸽   ?
 ,            ()    
 :
, + , + 2, + 3, ..., + ( - 1)
󼨐󼨑󼨒 
  :
 , a = 3
  , n = 8
  (8 ) = 24
 AP  n        :
  :
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    6     :
 : a+d=3+3=6
 : 3+23=9
 : 3+33=12
5 : 3+43=15
 : 3+53=18
7 : 3+63=21
󷃆󼽢,     :
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬 1   !
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 2:     
1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + ... = 1/512
   () ,  
󹸯󹸭󹸮  
 :
  (a) = 1
  (r) = 1/2
    n  1/512 ,          ?
󼨐󼨑󼨒 
GP  n  :
  :
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   :
 512  2      :
,
,
1=9=10
󷃆󼽢, 1/512 GP  10  
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬 2   !
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 3:   n      
                :
󹸯󹸭󹸮  
   GP , :
 , a=1a = 1a=1
 , r=
 GP   nnn    :
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󼨐󼨑󼨒 
,    nnn    :
  n      :
n = 1  :
1=2(1−1/2)=2(1/2)=1
n = 2  :
2=2(1−1/4)=2(3/4)=1.5
n = 3  :
3=2(1−1/8)=2(7/8)=1.75
󷃆󼽢 !󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬
󼨻󼨼   ...
      ,    "        ," 
   , " ,           !"
  ,              
    ,            
󷃆󼽢 :
1. 3  24     :
6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21
2. GP     1/512 :
10 
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-
3. (i)    y = 5x - 7  2y = 10x + 5 
(ii)         (1, 3, 5)      
       9
(ii)
       :
 /
  
1
100
2
50
3
0
    
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹  :
        
                    
      ,           , 
           
    ,
               
 (i):    y = 5x - 7  2y = 10x + 5  
            :
"      ,       ,    -
  -      "
      :
 1:
  :
y=5x−7y = 5x - 7y=5x−7
    -   :
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y=+
, m=5m = 5m=5 
 2:
  :
2y=10x+5
     ,    -     
 1:    2   :
y=5x+52
,     y=mx+c     ,  (m) 5
󷃆󼽢:
     (5)      (-7  2.5)  ,  
    , "       -     
    -         -    !"
 (ii): (1, 3, 5)           ,  
    9 
      ,      ,  :
   3D       ?”
    !
   :
   (1, 3, 5)    
        9 , ,
++=9
      
󼩎󼩏󼩐󼩑󼩒󼩓󼩔 (    )      
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           :
:
a x-  ,
b y-  ,
c z-  
  :
 (1, 3, 5)    
++=9
󼨐󼨑󼨒-- 
   
(1, 3, 5)  :
 ,   :
    :              
 ,             
󹺊  a=3a = 3a=3
  2   :
     1   :
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        
   3   :
    b(6−b)   :
    :
         a=3a = 3a=3     
🛠    :   a=6a = 6a=6
,  2 :
 1   :
   6   :
   b(3−b)   :
     :
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 ,               ,  
    ,    ,         
    :
  a  b          c   9−a−b9 - a - b9−a−b   
  
  :  :
  :
                 (1, 3, 5)
   ,      
 (iii):    (
   )
           -    
 (/)
 ( )
1
100
2
50
3
0
     ,           
 ,             
 1:        :
=+
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:
D  
P 
m  
c y-  
 2:  
  
  
  :
(1,100)(1, 100)(1,100)
(2,50)(2, 50)(2,50)
    :
 
-    :
󷃆󼽢   :
      :
,    !
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 
1.   :
 y=5x−7y = 5x - 7y=5x−7  2y=10x+52y = 10x + 52y=10x+5   
     = 5.
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2. 3D   ,   9 : :
  ,  a=3,b=2,c=4a = 3, b = 2, c = 4a=3,b=2,c=4,   :
3.
    :
󽄻󽄼󽄽 
                  
     ;   ,         
     ,           
   ,        
4. (i)           
(ii)   , ,       
(iii) 70     ,   30    20    , 
              
          ,   
: 󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹      
        ,         ,
        ,        
             
    ,   ,       
  ,             
      ,        !
           ,       ,
  ,  ,         ,   
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                 
 ? !
󹻀(i)   ?
              
        ?       { } 
   
󽄻󽄼󽄽:
             ,  
   
󽄻󽄼󽄽:
      :
= {, , , , }
      :
 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
     : C = {, , , , , , }
󹻀  
  ()     ,         
    ,    :
1.  ( ):
      ,       
 Φ  { }   
:
1        Φ
2.  :
          
:
3        → {2}
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3.  :
       
:      → {, , ..., }
4.  :
/    
:
      → {1, 2, 3, 4, ...}
5.  :
               
:A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 2, 1} = 
6.  :
       ,        
:
= {, , },  = {1, 2, 3} 
7. :
  A     B   ,  A, B   : A
:
= {1, 2},  = {1, 2, 3}
8.  :
A, B      AB,  A ≠ B.: A
9.  :
       U  
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:
 U =     ≤ 10,  U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
10.  :
             A = {1, 2}, 
P(A) = {Φ, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}}
󹻀(ii)   
                 
      
:
󷃆󽄾1.    (A)
               ,  
     
:
= {1, 2, 3},  = {3, 4, 5} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
󷃆󽄾2.    (A ∩ B)
       
:
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4}A ∩ B = {2, 3}
󷃆󽄾3.    (A B)
  A    , B  
:A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4}A B = {1}
󷃆󽄾4.   (A Δ B)
          A  B  ,     : A Δ B = (A
B)()
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:
= {1, 2, 3},  = {3, 4, 5} Δ  = {1, 2, 4, 5}
             
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 :    
     ( A)     ( B)   
 
 :
A = {, , }
B = {, , }
:
 (B) =             = {, , ,
, }
 (A ∩ B) =     = {}
A B =   = {, }
B A =   = {, }
A Δ B =     ,    = {, , , }
  ?   ,        
󹻀(iii)      
,      --  
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚:
70     :
30    
20       
:
1.          
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2.       
󷃆󼽢 1:    
 :
M =       
S =      
n(M) =       = 30
n(M S) =         = 20
 = 70
󷃆󼽢 2:            
   :
n(M S) = 20    (n(M)) = 30
:
n(M ∩ S) = n(M) – n(M S)= 30 20 = 10
, 10        
󷃆󼽢 3:       
  :
n(S M) =    
              ,    
 
 :
 = 70
() =          
   ,
() = () + ()()
 n(S)  :
  n(S) = x
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:
() = 70 = 30 + x10=> 70 = 20 + x=> x = 50
,       = 50
:   = n(S M) = n(S) n(M ∩ S)= 50 – 10 = 40
󷃆󼽢 :
1.         = 10
2.      = 40
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬
                
,            !   ,   
     :
  ?
    ?
      
             
  
...  ,      !       
      ,  ,       
      
,                 -   ,
       !
-
5. (1)           
(ii)   





:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹  :   
  
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    ,                
        ,        
       : "  ,      " 
,      5,        13   
 6   15 ,   
     , “,           
    !”
     -    
,        ,    ,     
    ,     ,        

󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 (i):        
󹸯󹸭󹸮1.   ?
  :
            
,       , "      ,     
    ,    "
 :
 A   B         A    x ,  B 
   f(x)  
     :
f:A→B
:
A   (  )  
B   (   )   
f(x)  x       
󹴂󹴃󹴄󹴅󹴉󹴊󹴆󹴋󹴇󹴈:
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  :
f(x)=2x+3f
  x = 1   ,    :
(1)=2(1)+3=5
 x = 2, :
(2)=2(2)+3=7
          
󼨐󼨑󼨒2.     
1. :    (x-)  .
2. -:       (     
  )
3. :         .
󼨻󼨼3.    
      :
  A1 () 
   () 
            
                
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂4.     ( )
        ,         
󹻀(i) --  ()
           
:
f(x)=x+5f
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 x     
󹻀(ii)   ()
   ,         
:
()=
     ( = )      
󹻀(iii) --   ( )
    --   
:
()=
    -      
󹻀(iv)  
     
:
 x   f(x)=7
    x ,   7  
󹻀(v)  
()=
      !      
󹻀(vi)  
      :
f(x)=4x2+3x+7
󹻀(vii)  
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    :
 P(x)  Q(x)    Q(x) ≠ 0.
:
󹻀(viii)    
   : f(−x)=f(x)
:f(x)=x2
 : f(−x)=−f(x)
:f(x)=x3
󹻀(ix)  
x         
:
󹻀(x)    
󹻀(xi)  
()=
 -  
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󹻀(xii)  
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚 (ii):   
󹸯󹸭󹸮-- :     
               :
 x   1           ?”
 :
   x = 1 :
                ,  
      !
󼬰󼬮󼬯 1:    
 :
    :
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     :
󷃆󼽢 :
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬   :
         0/0  ,       :
       
    .
 x     
󷕘󷕙󷕚:       
    :
     :   =  
        -      
                 
  ,        
             "  "  
      ,    :
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"       ,       ,   ,
      "
󽄻󽄼󽄽  
           -    ,    
         
6. (i)        
(ii)    x = 2   


:              ,   
  -      ,         -
               
   ,            
()  ,       ()    ,    
         ,           
                
        !
󼨐󼨑󼨒 (i):        
󼨻󼨼     
    ,      -    ""   
 ?
         
   :
         -   
       -  
         -  
 ,            ,      
   
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󷕘󷕙󷕚    :
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚,    ?
                  
  :
        ,
    ,
              
           
󺂟󺂠󺂧󺂡󺂢󺂣󺂤󺂥󺂦󺂨  :
    ,      
     ,    
󷗛󷗜      
   ,    
                  
     ,    ,       
    
 ,     (    )      ,
       
                ,  
        ()    
󼨐󼨑󼨒   (   ):
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1. 
 ( ):     .
2. :        
3.  :      (    )
󷃆󼽢   :
    (  ≠ 0)
󽅂   :
󼨽󼨾󼨿󼩁󼩀 (ii):   
x=2x = 2x=2   
󹳸󹳺󹳹 1:   
  :
    :
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,  x=1  x=−1     x    ,    
    (    )
 ,  x=2  
󷃆󼽢 2: x=2     
    -    :
 1:  f(2)  ?

󷃆󼽢 f(2) 
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬:
     
,
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󷃆󹸃󹸄-    :
   :
1.         -     
2.      ,     ,      
3.  x=2x = 2x=2       
4.            ,     
  
󹸯󹸭󹸮   (
  )
               ,    
      ,   
                 
      ,          
       -      
         ,         
 ,                

󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 :
 ,      ,  ,       
 ,               
      
    :
       
 ,     
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-
7. (i) (7x - 8)4 (5x - 1)3  x    
(ii) wrtx    


(iii) wr.tx   

:       ,           ,
",        ?     ,     
        !"
       , "  , !    
      -              
   ,               !"
          -    ,    
x             
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦 7 (i): (7x - 8)⁴(5x - 1)³  x    
󹸯󹸭󹸮 1:      
   :
y=(7x−8)4(5x−1)3
     ,        
󼨐󼨑󼨒  :

  :
=(7x−8)4
v=(5x−1)3
󽄬󽄭󽄮󽄯󽄰 2:     
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾u = (7x - 8)4   
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    :
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾v = (5x - 1)3   
󹹋󹹌 3:    
,
 :
            
         ,        , 
         , "      
 !"
󼨐󼨑󼨒 1:    
    -         :
 :
=x+2
v=3+
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󽄬󽄭󽄮󽄯󽄰 2:     
 :
   :
󹹋󹹌 3:     
    :
      :
,        
  !              
       ,        
  :
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󹸯󹸭󹸮 1:    
 :
,
=5
󽄬󽄭󽄮󽄯󽄰 2: f(x)   
    :
 ex2   :
  :
󹹋󹹌 3:    
  :
:
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󼨐󼨑󼨒      ...
   ,
"      -            
              -  ,
 ,  ,   -      "
8. (i)   p = 50 - 3q   ,    p = 5  
(ii)        =    p = 50 - 3x  p = 5


(iii)   C = 60 - 12q + 2q2   , AC, MC      AC
  = (MC - AC)
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹 :      
                  
                
   ,     ,       
  ,     ,     ,  
  ,            
                
    ,        ,     ,
     
              
:   ,      ,    -   
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚  (i):     p = 5  p = 50 3q
    :
",               
          ,      ?"
  :
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=50−3qp = 50 - 3qp=50−3q
      ,  p      q   ,
    :
     (Ep)    :
  -- :
p    :
󼨻󼨼  2:     
     :
󷃆󼽢  :
p=5      :
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            -     
  
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚  (ii):    = AR / (AR MR)
  
 , “, ,        , 
    
󷕘󷕙󷕚     :
     :
󼨻󼨼  1:   
 ( ) =  ()
 ( ) = p × q
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󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚  (iii):    , AC, MC       AC 
 = (1/q)(MC AC)
    , ",      ,    
   "
=60−12q+2q2
:
1. AC ( ) = C/q  
2. MC ( ) = dC/dq  
3.  :
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦  1:   ()
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󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦  2:   ()
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦  3:   :
q   AC   :
  RHS   :
     :
 = -12 + 4q
:
:
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:
  :
   :
󷃆󼽢  !
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂      
 
  , "!     :
             
   ,            
,         
                
                
   !
  
, " ,          
          "
󷙎󷙐󷙏 :     
  ,              , 
                 
         ,       
 :
         
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,         
            
,      ,         
        ,      
"              
     ,     "